Bristol's Garden Vineyards: Grape-Treading Fruit in City Gardens
Each quarter of an hour or so, an older diesel train pulls into a graffiti-covered station. Close by, a police siren pierces the near-constant road noise. Daily travelers rush by collapsing, ivy-draped fencing panels as rain clouds gather.
This is perhaps the last place you anticipate to find a well-established vineyard. However James Bayliss-Smith has managed to four dozen established plants heavy with round mauve grapes on a sprawling allotment situated between a row of historic homes and a local rail line just north of the city downtown.
"I've noticed people hiding heroin or other items in the shrubbery," says Bayliss-Smith. "Yet you just get on with it ... and keep tending to your vines."
The cameraman, 46, a filmmaker who runs a fermented beverage company, is among several local vintner. He's organized a informal group of growers who make wine from four hidden city grape gardens tucked away in private yards and allotments throughout the city. It is too clandestine to possess an official name yet, but the collective's messaging chat is called Grape Expectations.
Urban Vineyards Across the Globe
So far, the grower's plot is the sole location registered in the Urban Vineyards Association's upcoming world atlas, which includes better-known city vineyards such as the eighteen hundred plants on the hillsides of the French capital's historic artistic district neighbourhood and more than 3,000 vines overlooking and inside the Italian city. Based in Italy charitable organization is at the forefront of a initiative re-establishing city vineyards in traditional winemaking nations, but has identified them throughout the globe, including urban centers in East Asia, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan.
"Vineyards help urban areas stay more eco-friendly and more diverse. They protect land from development by creating permanent, yielding agricultural units within urban environments," says the organization's leader.
Like all wines, those produced in cities are a result of the earth the vines grow in, the unpredictability of the climate and the people who care for the fruit. "A bottle of wine embodies the charm, local spirit, environment and history of a city," adds the president.
Unknown Polish Variety
Back in Bristol, the grower is in a race against time to harvest the grapevines he cultivated from a plant left in his allotment by a Polish family. Should the precipitation arrives, then the pigeons may seize their chance to attack again. "Here we have the mystery Eastern European variety," he comments, as he removes bruised and rotten grapes from the glistering bunches. "We don't really know their exact classification, but they are certainly hardy. In contrast to premium grapes â Burgundy grapes, white wine grapes and other famous European varieties â you don't have to spray them with pesticides ... this is possibly a unique cultivar that was developed by the Eastern Bloc."
Collective Efforts Across the City
The other members of the group are also taking advantage of bright periods between showers of fall precipitation. On the terrace overlooking Bristol's shimmering waterfront, where medieval merchant vessels once floated with casks of wine from France and Spain, Katy Grant is collecting her rondo grapes from about fifty plants. "I love the smell of these vines. It is so reminiscent," she remarks, pausing with a basket of grapes resting on her arm. "It recalls the fragrance of southern France when you open the vehicle windows on holiday."
Grant, 52, who has devoted more than two decades working for charitable groups in war-torn regions, inadvertently inherited the vineyard when she moved back to the UK from East Africa with her family in recent years. She felt an strong responsibility to maintain the grapevines in the garden of their recently acquired property. "This plot has already survived multiple proprietors," she explains. "I really like the idea of environmental care â of passing this on to future caretakers so they can continue producing from the soil."
Sloping Gardens and Traditional Winemaking
Nearby, the final two members of the group are hard at work on the steep inclines of Avon Gorge. Jo Scofield has cultivated more than 150 plants perched on terraces in her wild half-acre garden, which descends towards the muddy local waterway. "People are always surprised," she notes, indicating the tangled grape garden. "They can't believe they can see rows of vines in a urban neighborhood."
Currently, Scofield, sixty, is picking clusters of deep violet dark berries from lines of plants arranged along the cliff-side with the assistance of her daughter, her family member. Scofield, a documentary producer who has contributed to streaming service's Great National Parks series and BBC Two's gardening shows, was motivated to cultivate vines after observing her neighbour's vines. She has learned that amateurs can produce interesting, pleasurable natural wine, which can command prices of more than ÂŁ7 a glass in the growing number of wine bars focusing on minimal-intervention vintages. "It is deeply rewarding that you can actually make good, traditional vintage," she says. "It is quite fashionable, but in reality it's reviving an old way of making wine."
"When I tread the grapes, all the wild yeasts are released from the surfaces and enter the juice," explains the winemaker, ankle deep in a container of tiny stems, seeds and crimson juice. "That's how wines were historically produced, but industrial wineries add sulphur [dioxide] to eliminate the natural cultures and subsequently add a commercially produced yeast."
Difficult Conditions and Creative Solutions
In the immediate vicinity active senior another cultivator, who inspired his neighbor to plant her grapevines, has assembled his friends to harvest white wine varieties from the 100 plants he has arranged precisely across two terraces. Reeve, a Lancashire-born physical education instructor who worked at the local university developed a passion for viticulture on regular visits to Europe. But it is a difficult task to cultivate this particular variety in the humidity of the valley, with temperature fluctuations sweeping in and out from the Bristol Channel. "I wanted to make Burgundian wines in this location, which is somewhat ambitious," admits Reeve with amusement. "This variety is late to ripen and particularly vulnerable to fungal infections."
"My goal was creating European-style vintages here, which is a bit bonkers"
The unpredictable Bristol climate is not the only problem faced by grape cultivators. The gardener has had to install a fence on